Understand the basics
Plain-English explainers on IPs, DNS, ASN, CGNAT, VPNs, WiFi, and networking - no jargon assumed.
Every article is paired with a live tool so the theory turns into real diagnostics immediately. Troubleshooting a VPN? Read the leak guide first, then run DNS and WebRTC checks. Investigating an unfamiliar IP? Pair the ASN and WHOIS articles with the lookup tools. Start with a concept, finish with a verified result.
Plain-English explainers on IPs, DNS, ASN, CGNAT, VPNs, WiFi, and networking - no jargon assumed.
Each article links to the diagnostic tool that proves the point, so you move from reading to real data in one session.
Troubleshooting guides walk through port forwarding, CGNAT, wrong IP location, VPN leaks, and more with step-by-step checks.
Carrier-grade NAT prevents inbound connections before they reach your router. Check WAN vs public IP and fix it with public IPv4, IPv6, or a reverse tunnel.
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Learn the most common reserved IP ranges: private IPs, CGNAT, loopback, link-local, and documentation blocks.
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The CGNAT range is 100.64.0.0/10 (RFC 6598). Learn how to confirm CGNAT, why port forwarding fails, and realistic fixes.
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