Understand the basics
Plain-English explainers on IPs, DNS, ASN, CGNAT, VPNs, WiFi, and networking - no jargon assumed.
Every article is paired with a live tool so the theory turns into real diagnostics immediately. Troubleshooting a VPN? Read the leak guide first, then run DNS and WebRTC checks. Investigating an unfamiliar IP? Pair the ASN and WHOIS articles with the lookup tools. Start with a concept, finish with a verified result.
Plain-English explainers on IPs, DNS, ASN, CGNAT, VPNs, WiFi, and networking - no jargon assumed.
Each article links to the diagnostic tool that proves the point, so you move from reading to real data in one session.
Troubleshooting guides walk through port forwarding, CGNAT, wrong IP location, VPN leaks, and more with step-by-step checks.
Build your own WireGuard VPN on a DigitalOcean droplet for $4/month, with the full setup, the IPv6 and DNS leaks most guides miss, and an honest comparison against a commercial VPN.
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Three WebKit features bypass iCloud Private Relay and expose your real IP and DNS resolvers. How each leak works, how to test your iPhone, and why switching Private Relay off makes it worse.
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Learn how the Domain Name System translates website names into IP addresses and why it's crucial for internet functionality.
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Published IP ranges and ASN patterns for OpenAI, Anthropic, Perplexity, Common Crawl, Meta, and Apple. How to verify AI bots with forward-confirmed reverse DNS.
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Block AI crawlers with robots.txt, user-agent rules at Nginx and Cloudflare, and ASN-level rate limiting. Verify the block with reverse DNS.
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Learn what web hosting is, how hosting fits into DNS and website delivery, the main hosting types, and how to choose the right category for your site.
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Learn how to compare "what is my IP" tools and when you need DNS leak, WebRTC leak, ASN, and blacklist diagnostics beyond a basic IP checker.
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Troubleshoot VPN sessions where IP does not change. Learn the common causes (split tunneling, DNS/IPv6 leaks, routing) and fast fixes.
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Learn who controls PTR records, how to configure FCrDNS for mail, and how to diagnose missing or mismatched records.
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